• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Described is a cutting insert (10) for profile turning, in particular for wheel profile turning, comprising an upper surface (12), a lower surface, and side surfaces (16). At the transition from the upper surface (12) to the side surfaces (16) two cutting edges (22) are formed for machining a workpiece and two further edges (18) each having two ends (18a', 18a", 18b', 18b"). The two cutting edges (22) are designed part-circular in shape and each extend from one end (18a', 18a", 18b', 18b") of one of the two edges (18) to the opposite end (18a', 18a", 18b', 18b") of the other of the two edges (18). Also described is a cartridge (32) for holding a cutting insert (10), the cartridge being mountable on a machine tool. The cartridge (32) has,a main seating surface (36) having a plane angle (a) of greater than 90° to the axis of rotation (D) of the workpiece.
    公开号:SE1451513A1
    申请号:SE1451513
    申请日:2014-12-10
    公开日:2015-06-17
    发明作者:Helmut Gremer；Frank Funke；Dieter Rosenland
    申请人:Kennametal Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CUTTING INSERT FOR PROFILE TURNING AND CARTRIDGE FOR HOLDING ACUTTING INSERT The invention relates to a cutting insert for profile turning, in particular forwheel profile turning, and to a cartridge for holding a cutting insert, the cartridge being mountable on a machine tool.
    Such a cutting insert and the associated cartridge can be used for reworkingused and new wheels, in particular railroad wheels. The cutting insert is held in thecartridge, which is mounted on a machine tool. The cartridge and the cutting insertheld therein are moved along the wheel by the machine tool. ln the process, themachine tool moves the cutting insert along the wheel tread surface to the wheelflange surface and then continues along the wheel flange surface. The cutting inserthas, for removing worn material on the wheel tread surface and wheel flangesurface, at least one cutting edge that is moved directly on the wheel tread surfaceand wheel flange surface. The design of the cutting edge, the associated surface ofthe cutting insert and regions adjoining the cutting edge make it possible to set both the cutting depth and the chip breaking properties of the cutting insert. lt has proven problematic that the worn material to be removed that is presenton the wheel tread surface and wheel flange surface has different thicknesses, andtherefore different demands are placed on the cutting insert, the cutting depththereof and the chip formation. This concerns in particular the transition from thewheel tread surface to the wheel flange surface, as chip control is particularlydifficult in this region. Moreover, it is not always possible to remove all of thematerial in one pass, so that withdrawal and repositioning of the cutting insert isrequired in order to machine first the wheel tread surface and then the wheel flange surface. One or more complete cutting passes are possible as well.
    The aim of the invention is therefore to enable a workpiece and in particular a wheel flange of a railroad wheel to be reworked in an efficient manner.
    This aim is met according to the invention by a cutting insert for profile turning,in particular for wheel profile turning, that comprises an upper surface, a lowersurface and side surfaces, wherein two cutting edges for machining a workpiece and two further edges each having two ends are formed at the transition from the upper -2/16- surface to the side surfaces, the two cutting edges being designed part-circular inshape, each of them extending from one end of one of the two edges to the opposite end of the other of the two edges.
    The underlying concept of the invention provides that the cutting edges formedon the cutting insert are part-circular in shape without discontinuities and thereforehave a full radius. This makes it possible for a rai|road wheel, i.e. the wheel treadsurface and the wheel f|ange surface, to be machined in one pass withoutwithdrawing the cutting insert. The advantages are attained predominantly at thetransition between the wheel tread surface and the wheel f|ange surface, since afull-radius cutting edge makes it possible to have improved chip control. This isbecause the rake angle of the cutting edge on the surface of the workpiece beingmachined is identical over the entire cutting edge due to the part-circular full-radiuscutting edge, and is therefore independent of the position of the surface to bemachined of the workpiece relative to the cutting edge. Moreover, with the cuttinginsert according to the invention a wheel can be machined using differenttechniques, for example, profile turning and facing. ln particular, it is possible withthe cutting insert according to the invention to carry out a re-profiling of the wheels.Using the cutting insert according to the invention, the wheels can thus be machined particularly efficiently and in accordance with the particular requirements.
    Depending on the size of the cutting insert and the selected cutting edgeradius, correspondingly dimensioned cutting surfaces, cutting lines or cutting pointsare attained in the contact region of the cutting edge on the workpiece, whereby a precise reworking of the wheels is made possible.
    According to one aspect of the invention, it is provided that the transition fromthe lower surface to the side surfaces is designed analogous to the transition fromthe upper surface to the side surfaces, such that the cutting insert has four part-circular cutting edges. As a result, it is possible to continue using the cutting insert inthe event that one of the cutting edges should have become worn, by rotating it and using a cutting edge of the other side.
    A further aspect of the invention provides that the edges run straight, inparticular that they are formed parallel to one another. This creates two sidesurfaces extending straight and parallel with one another that can be used for seating in a cartridge, it being possible for the inner portion to be recessed. The -3/16- straight side surfaces permit a large-surface seating contact, such that high forces can be transmitted from the cutting insert to the cartridge holding the cutting insert.
    According to a further aspect of the invention, the part-circular cutting edgesare designed semicircular in shape. The cutting edges therefore cover an anglerange of approximately 180°. As a result, the transition from the cutting edge to the edge is flowing, that is to say, without corner or point.
    A further aspect of the invention provides that the upper and/or lower surfaceis bilaterally symmetric with respect to the centrally extending longitudinal axisand/or transverse axis thereof, in particular centrally symmetric to the center.Owing to the symmetrical design of the upper and/or lower surface, the cuttinginsert can be used as an indexable cutting insert, since it can be rotated in theplane of the upper and/or lower surface by 180 °, thereby enabling at least two cutting edges in the same cartridge to be used.
    According to a further aspect of the invention, the cutting insert is bilaterallysymmetric with respect to the centrally extending longitudinal and/or transverse axisthereof, in particular centrally symmetric to the center. A cutting insert designed inthis way can even be used four-fold, as it can be rotated by 180° in the plane of theupper or lower surface, that is to say, of the longitudinal axis of the cutting insert,and also about the transverse axis of the cutting insert. This results in altogetherfour different mounting positions, such that all four cutting edges may be used. This significantly increases the life of a cutting insert.
    A further aspect of the invention provides that an orifice is formed in the sidesurfaces on which the edges are formed that cooperates with a mountingmechanism. Via this mounting mechanism the cutting insert is mounted on the cartridge, in particular in a receiving pocket of the cartridge.
    According to a further aspect of the invention, chip breakers are provided onthe part-circular cutting edges and/or on the edges. The chip breakers, which arealso known as chip splitters, ensure that the removed chip cannot become jammedin the machine tool, since it is split or broken after a certain length and transportedaway from the machine tool. The chip breakers may be of various designs, for example for roughing or finishing operations. -4/16- The aim is further met by a cartridge for holding a cutting insert, the cartridgebeing mountable on a machine tool and comprising a receiving pocket for a cuttinginsert, in particular for a cutting insert of the aforementioned type, with which aworkpiece having an axis of rotation can be machined, the receiving pocket having amain seating surface against which a side surface of the cutting insert can beseated, the main seating surface having a plane angle of greater than 90° to theaxis of rotation of the workpiece, in particular a plane angle of 93°. Owing to thecartridge according to the invention, an inserted cutting insert is angled, in particularvia the transverse axis thereof, more steeply against the wheel tread surface, whichlikewise has an angle to the axis of rotation of the workpiece. Until now, cartridgeshave been designed in such a way that the main seating surface has an anglerelative to the axis of rotation that compensates the angle between the wheel treadsurface and the axis of rotation, that is to say less than 90°. This was necessarybecause the cutting edge was not designed to be part-circular in shape with a fullradius. This, however, resulted in the problems at the transition from the wheel treadsurface to the wheel flange surface, since the angle of the surface being machinedto the axis of rotation changes there. Owing to the design according to the inventionof the cartridge, it is ensured that worn material at the transition from the wheel treadsurface to the wheel flange surface can be reliably removed in a controlled fashion.The chip breaking properties at the transition from the wheel tread surface to thewheel flange surface and at the flange of the wheel itself are likewise greatlyimproved by such a design of the cartridge. These advantages become even more apparent when a cutting insert having a full-radius cutting edge is used.
    A further aspect of the invention provides that the cartridge has a secondseating surface which is perpendicular to the main seating surface. The secondseating surface improves the precise positioning of the cutting insert in the cartridge,in particular in the receiving pocket thereof, and the secure support of the cutting insert in the receiving pocket.
    According to one aspect of the invention, an element of the mountingmechanism for mounting the cutting insert is provided on the main seating surface.The cutting insert is mounted mainly to the main seating surface, which is designedlarger than the second seating surface, thereby improving the secure mounting of the cutting insert in the receiving pocket. -5/16- A further aspect of the invention provides that the center axis of the element ofthe mounting mechanism has an angle to the main seating surface other than 90°.The oblique orientation of the element of the mounting mechanism ensures that whenthe cutting insert is mounted it is pulled not only against the main seating surface but 5 also against the second seating surface, such that it reaches its predetermined position. The element of the mounting mechanism may be in the form of a dowel pin.
    Further advantages and properties of the invention will become apparent from the following description and from the referenced drawings, in which:- Figure 1 shows a side view of the cutting insert according to the invention.10 - Figure 2 shows a top view of the cutting insert from Figure 1, - Figure 3 shows a perspective detail view of the upper surface of the cutting insert from Figures 1 and 2,- Figure 4 shows a top view of the cartridge according to the invention,- Figure 5 shows a side view of the cartridge from Figure 4, 15 - Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the cartridge from Figures 4 and 5 with held cutting insert from Figures 1 and 2,- Figure 7 shows the cartridge from Figure 6 in a top view,- Figure 8 shows a side view of the cartridge from Figures 6 and 7, - Figure 9 shows part of a machine tool with mounted cartridge and cutting 20 insert held therein during machining of a wheel at a first point in time A, - Figure 10 shows the assembly from Figure 9 at a second point in time B, and - Figure 11 shows the assembly from Figures 9 and 10 at a third point in time C. 25 Figure 1 shows a cutting insert 10 in a side view. The cutting insert 10 has anupper surface 12 and a lower surface 14 which are interconnected by side surfaces 16. ln Figure 1, one side surface, 16a, is shown fully and two further side surfaces, -6/16 - 16b, 16c, are shown partially. The cutting insert 10 additionally has a further side surface 16d, not shown in Figure 1, opposite the side surface 16a.
    An edge 18a is formed at the transition of the upper surface 12 to the sidesurface 16a and an edge 20a is formed at the transition from the lower surface 14 tothe side surface 16a. Furthermore, a cutting edge 22a, 22b is formed in each caseat the transition from the upper surface 12 to the side surface 16b and the transitionto the side surface 16c, and a further cutting edge 24a, 24b is formed at the transition from the lower surface 14 to each of the side surfaces 16b, 16c.
    Additionally, at the transition of the upper surface 12 to the side surface 16dand at the transition of the lower surface 14 to the side surface 16d, respective further edges 18b, 20b are formed, which are not shown in Figure 1, however.
    The cutting insert 10 additionally has in the side surface 16a an orifice 26extending through the entire cutting insert 10 to the opposite side surface 16d. The orifice 26 is used for mounting the cutting insert 10 on a cartridge (not shown here).
    Furthermore, the cutting insert 10 is designed to be bilaterally symmetric withrespect to the longitudinal axis LS and transverse axis QS thereof, resulting in the cutting insert 10 being centrally symmetric with respect to the center MS thereof.
    The cutting insert 10 from Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2 in a top view of theupper surface 12. From Figure 2 it can be seen that the upper surface 12 forms twostraight and parallel edges 18a, 18b and two semicircular cutting edges 22a, 22b tothe respective side surfaces 16. At respective opposite ends of the edges 18a, 18bthe two cutting edges 22a, 22b transition into said edges. The cutting edge 22aconnects a first end 18a' of the edge 18a to the opposite first end 18b' of the otheredge 18b, and the cutting edge 22b connects a second end 18a" of the edge 18a tothe opposite second end 18b" of the other edge 18b. Because of the semicirculardesign of the cutting edges 22a, 22b, the cutting insert 10 has cutting edges 22a, 22b that have a full radius and cover an angle range of approximately 180°.
    The cutting edges 22a, 22b and edges 18a, 18b additionally have associatedchip breakers 28, 30. Via the chip breakers 28, 30 the chips removed duringreworking of a workpiece, for example a railroad wheel, can be controlled. The chipbreakers 28 which are associated with the cutting edges 22a, 22b may have a different configuration than the chip breakers 30 that are assigned to the edges 18a, -ww- 18b, thereby resulting in different chip breaking properties. The chip breakers 28 are shown in detail in a perspective view in Figure 3.
    The upper surface 12 of the cutting insert 10 is designed like the lower surface14, such that a matching identical arrangement and configuration results for the lower surface 14.
    The upper and lower surface 12, 14 are both bilaterally symmetric withrespect to the longitudinal axis L and transverse axis Q thereof. As a result, theupper surface and lower surface 12, 14 are each centrally symmetric with respect to the respective centers M thereof.
    Figures 4 to 8 show a cartridge 32 that is used for holding the cutting insert 10, the cartridge 32 being shown in Figures 6 to 8 with a cutting insert 10 inserted.
    The cartridge 32 has a receiving pocket 34 that accommodates the cuttinginsert 10. The receiving pocket 34 is formed by a main seating surface 36 andsecond seating surface 38, against which the inserted cutting insert 10 is seated with two of the side surfaces 16 thereof.
    The receiving pocket 34 is arranged within the cartridge 32 in such a way that itis oblique relative to the general orientation G of the cartridge 32 in the plane that isperpendicular to the axis of rotation D of the workpiece to be machined (Figure 4).Therefore the main seating surface 36 has an angle oi to the axis of rotation of greaterthan 90°. The straight line shown in Figure 4 as the axis of rotation D is a straight line that is shifted parallel to the real axis of rotation and therefore is for guidance.
    The cartridge 32 has, for mounting the cutting insert 10 in the receiving pocket34 thereof, a mounting mechanism that is formed in part by a mounting orifice 40below the receiving pocket 34 and a mounting orifice 42 on the main seating surface36 (Figure 5). Furthermore, an element of the mounting mechanism is designed as adowel pin 43 that can be placed on the main seating surface 38 of the cartridge 32, in particular in the mounting orifice 42 (Figure 4).
    Upon inserting the cutting insert 10, same is mounted to the cartridge 32 withinthe receiving pocket 34 by a mounting means 44 that will be inserted into themounting orifice 40 and actuates the mounting mechanism (Figures 6-8). The dowelpin 43 extends through the orifice 26 of the cutting insert 10 inserted into the receiving pocket 34, by which dowel pin the cutting insert 10 is fixed. The center axis -8/16- of the dowel pin 43 has an angle different from 90° to the main seating surface 36.As a result, the cutting insert 10 is pulled during the mounting process with a sidesurface 16a, 16d associated with one of the straight edges 18, 20 against the mainseating surface 36 and with a portion of one of the side surfaces 16b, 16c againstthe second seating surface 38, thereby achieving the precisely positioned orientation of the cutting insert 10 on the cartridge 32. ln the assembly shown in Figure 7 it is the side surface 16d associated with theedges 18b, 20b and a portion of the side surface 16b that are pulled against the main seating surface 36 and second seating surface 38, respectively.
    Owing to the relative position of the receiving pocket 34 to the cartridge 32, thetransverse axis QS of the cutting insert 10, the transverse axes Q of the upper andlower surfaces 12, 14, and the side surfaces 16a, 16d likewise have the angle oi ofgreater than 90° to the axis of rotation D of the workpiece to be machined (Figure 7).The straight line shown as the axis of rotation D in Figure 7 is again a straight line that is shifted parallel to the axis of rotation D.
    The cartridge 32 is designed in principle to have standard basic dimensions, such that it can be inserted into existing machine tools and the holders thereof.
    Figures 9 - 11 show how the cartridge 32 including the cutting insert 10 isinserted into a holder 46 of a machine tool. The holder 46 shown here even has twocartridges 32, each including one cutting insert 10. Also shown is a workpiece 48 to be machined, in the form of a railroad wheel having a wheel tread surface 50 and a wheel flange surface 52. The axis of rotation D of the workpiece 48 is shown as well.
    Over the course of the operation of the railroad wheel 48, signs of wear 54 haveformed on the wheel tread surface 50 and wheel flange surface 52, which duringreworking are repaired by means of the cutting insert 10 by removing a layer of therailroad wheel 48, such that a smooth wheel tread surface 50 and wheel flangesurface 52 are again created. For this purpose the cutting insert 10 disposed in thecartridge 32 is moved by the machine tool along the wheel tread surface 50 andwheel flange surface 52, the railroad wheel 48 being actively turned about the axis ofrotation D thereof in the process. The cutting insert 10 cuts via one of the cutting edges 18, 22, 24 thereof along the wheel tread surface 50 and wheel flange surface -9/16- 52 to remove the worn material 54. The worn material 54 may consist of cracks,spalls, shifted material or flats in the wheel tread surface and wheel flange surface 50,52.
    This reworking is repeated until the railroad wheel 48 has reached apredetermined minimum measurement/profile about the periphery thereof, the railroadwheel 48 being replaced on reaching this minimum measurement so as to ensure safety.
    Figure 10 shows the material removal at a later point in time B, the cuttinginsert 10 already having removed approximately half of the worn material 54 on the wheel tread surface 50 of the railroad wheel 48. ln Figure 11 the cutting insert 10 has reached, at a point in time C, the region ofthe transition from the wheel tread surface 50 to the wheel flange surface 52. Theworn material 54 is designed particularly thin in this region, but the cutting insert 10is nonetheless capable of machining this region without difficulty. Owing to thespecial angular position of the receiving pocket 34 for the basic orientation G of thecartridge 32, a steep rake angle of the cutting edge 18, 22, 24 used is generally created on the workpiece 48 to be machined, for example cutting edge 22b.
    As a result of the semicircular design of the cutting edges 22, 24, a defined linearcontact exists betNeen the cutting edge 22, 24 and the surface to be machined of theworkpiece 48, this linear contact being independent of the relative position of the cuttinginsert 10 to the workpiece 48. As a result, the workpiece 48 can be machined particularly precisely, because there is good chip control and cutting depth control.
    When the cutting insert 10 has reached the center position on the wheel flangesurface 52, the holder 46 is moved in such a way that the other cutting insert 10comes into use, which has a different basic orientation in the holder 46. The othercutting insert 10, due to the orientation thereof in the holder 46, may be used tomachine the other half of the wheel flange surface 52, the holder 46 not impeding the removal of the worn material 54.
    Generally, the angular position of the receiving pocket 34 in the cartridge 32and the part-circular design of the cutting edges ensure that good chip control is possible even at low cutting depths. -10/16 - ln the position shown in Figure 9 the cutting insert 10 is even partially in contactwith the worn material 54, with one of the edges 18, 20, and enhances the chipremoval. The edges 18, 20 are used only to coarsely remove the worn material 54,which is why the chip breakers 30 associated with the edges 18, 20 typically areconfigured differently than the chip breakers 28 associated with the cutting edges22, 24. However, the edges 18, 20 do not come into contact with the final contour onthe workpiece 48. This takes place exclusively via one of the cutting edges 22, 24.For this reason the edges 18, 20 are not referred to as cutting edges in the contextof the invention, even though they coarsely remove the worn material 54. ln theposition shown in Figure 11 the respective edge 18, 20 again is not in contact withthe final contour on the workpiece 48. This is ensured via the semi-circular cuttingedges 22, 24 and by the relative orientation of the receiving pocket 34 with respectto the basic orientation of the cartridge 32, or via the angle oi, respectively, that themain seating surface 36, the transverse axis QS, the transverse axis Q and the side surfaces 16a, 16d each have to the axis of rotation D. ln addition, it may be provided that the cutting insert 10 may have differing cuttingdepths and chip control, for example by providing a cutting insert 10 that has fourdifferent chip breakers 28 on the four cutting edges 22, 24, so that the cutting insert 10covers a very wide field of cutting requirements. The same applies for the chip breakers30 associated with the edges 18, 20.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1] 1. A cutting insert (10) for profile turning, in particular for wheel profileturning, comprising an upper surface (12), a lower surface (14) and side surfaces(16), wherein two cutting edges (22a, 22b) for machining a workpiece (48) and twofurther edges (18a, 18b) each having two ends (18a', 18a", 18b', 18b") are formed atthe transition from the upper surface (12) to the side surfaces (16), the two cuttingedges (22a, 22b) being designed part-circular in shape, each of them extendingfrom one end (18a', 18a", 18b', 18b") of one of the two edges (18a, 18b) to theopposite end (18a', 18a", 18b', 18b") of the other of the two edges (18a, 18b).
    [2] 2. The cutting insert (10) according to c|aim 1, characterized in that thetransition from the lower surface (14) to the side surfaces (16) is designed analogousto the transition from the upper surface (12) to the side surfaces (16), such that the cutting insert (10) comprises four part-circular cutting edges (22a, 22b, 24a, 24b).
    [3] 3. The cutting insert (10) according to c|aim 1 or 2, characterized in that the edges (18, 20) run straight, in particular that they are formed parallel to each other.
    [4] 4. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,characterized in that the part-circular cutting edges (22, 24) are designed semicircular in shape.
    [5] 5. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,characterized in that the upper and/or lower surface (12, 14) is bilaterally symmetricwith respect to the central longitudinal and/or transverse axis (L, Q) thereof, in particular centrally symmetric to the center (M).
    [6] 6. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,characterized in that the cutting insert (10) is bilaterally symmetric with respect tothe central longitudinal and/or transverse axis (LS, QS) thereof, in particular centrally symmetric to the center (MS).
    [7] 7. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,characterized in that an orifice is provided in the side surfaces (16) on which the edges (18, 20) are formed that cooperates with a mounting mechanism. -12/16-
    [8] 8. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,characterized in that chip breakers (28, 30) are provided on the part-circular cuttingedges (22, 24) and/or on the edges (18, 20).
    [9] 9. A cartridge (32) for holding a cutting insert (10), the cartridge beingmountable on a machine tool and comprising a receiving pocket (34) for a cuttinginsert (10), in particular for a cutting insert (10) according to any one of thepreceding claims, with which a workpiece (48) having an axis of rotation (D) can bemachined, the receiving pocket (34) having a main seating surface (36) againstwhich a side surface (16) of the cutting insert (10) can be seated, the main seatingsurface (36) having a p|ane angle (d) of greater than 90° to the axis of rotation (D) of the workpiece (48), in particular a p|ane angle (d) of 93°.
    [10] 10. The cartridge (32) according to claim 9, characterized in that the cartridge(32) has a second seating surface (38) which is perpendicular to the main seatingsurface (36).
    [11] 11. The cartridge (32) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that anelement (43) of a mounting mechanism for mounting the cutting insert (10) is provided on the main seating surface (36).
    [12] 12. The cartridge according to claim 11, characterized in that the center axisof the element (43) of the mounting mechanism has an angle to the main seatingsurface (36) other than 90°.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    IL236142A|2019-11-28|
    DE102013114124A1|2015-06-18|
    CN104708036A|2015-06-17|
    US20150165528A1|2015-06-18|
    US10507531B2|2019-12-17|
    IL236142D0|2015-03-31|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-22| NAV| Patent application has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013114124.2A|DE102013114124A1|2013-12-16|2013-12-16|Cutting insert for profile turning and cassette for holding a cutting insert|
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